Hypertension
Hypertension is the term used to describe high blood pressure.
Blood pressure readings are measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and usually given as two numbers. For example, 120 over 80 (written as 120/80 mmHg).
The top number is your systolic pressure, the pressure created when your heart beats. It is considered high if it is consistently over 140.
The bottom number is your diastolic pressure, the pressure inside blood vessels when the heart is at rest. It is considered high if it is consistently over 90.
Either or both of these numbers may be too high.
Pre-hypertension is when your systolic blood pressure is between 120 and 139 or your diastolic blood pressure is between 80 and 89 on multiple readings. If you have pre-hypertension, you are more likely to develop high blood pressure.
Hypertension; HBP; Blood pressure - high
Blood pressure measurements are the result of the force of the blood produced by the heart and the size and condition of the arteries.
Many factors can affect blood pressure, including:
How much water and salt you have in your body
The condition of your kidneys, nervous system, or blood vessels
The levels of different body hormones
High blood pressure can affect all types of people. You have a higher risk of high blood pressure if you have a family history of the disease. High blood pressure is more common in African Americans than Caucasians. Smoking, obesity, and diabetes, are all risk factors for hypertension.
Most of the time, no cause is identified. This is called essential hypertension. High blood pressure that results from a specific condition, habit, or medication is called secondary hypertension.
Too much salt in your diet can lead to high blood pressure. Secondary hypertension may also be due to:
Adrenal gland tumor
Alcohol abuse
Anxiety and stress
Arteriosclerosis
Birth control pills
Coarctation of the aorta
Cocaine use
Cushing syndrome
Diabetes
Kidney disease, including:
Glomerulonephritis (inflammation of kidneys)
Renal vascular obstruction or narrowing
Medications
Appetite suppressants
Certain cold medications
Corticosteroids
Migraine medications
Obesity
Pain
Pheochromocytoma
Pregnancy (called gestational hypertension)